Most  of the time, we don’t give it a second thought. It’s our hair that we  notice, that bothers and perplexes us. Our scalp? Well, it’s just...  there. But as hairdressers and trichologists – trained specialists who  deal with hair problems – point out, the health of the scalp is  fundamental to the look, feel and even the quantity of our hair. 
Celebrity  hairdresser Julien Farel (whose salons are responsible for the tumbling  tresses of A-listers Kate Moss, Rachel Weisz and Kate Beckinsale) feels  strongly about this: ‘In the same way that grass can’t grow in sand,  hair can’t grow in an unhealthy scalp,’ he says.  
So how can you keep yours in optimum condition? The answer is to tend to it as assiduously as we do the skin on our faces.
The age-old problem
Scalp  – and therefore hair – problems become more apparent as we get older.  Farel explains: ‘As we age, our hair ages, too. With each passing year,  our scalp and hair become more dehydrated while follicles become weaker.  This leads to dryness, dullness, breakage and thinning.’
Dr  Jeni Thomas, Principal Scientist for P&G (Procter & Gamble)  Beauty, where for the past eight years she has focused her research on  hair and scalp health, says: ‘At some point in their adult life, 50 per  cent of adults will experience some form of scalp concern.’
‘A  healthy scalp should look similar to healthy skin; flake-free,  blemish-free, not overly oily and without redness or irritation,’ says  leading trichologist Philip Kingsley. ‘Most people know if their scalp  is unhealthy as it will be itchy, irritated and perhaps red, scaly or  overly greasy, or both. You may also find small, raised pimples on the  scalp.’
Don’t be a flake
Kingsley  continues: ‘Research shows that a flaky or itchy scalp can trigger or  worsen hair shedding in both men and women. Simply not washing your  scalp regularly enough can allow for the build-up of flakes and an  imbalance of micro-organisms – both of which can worsen, or trigger,  hair loss. More severe scalp conditions, left untreated, such as  psoriasis and seborrhoeic dermatitis, can lead to hair breakage and  secondary infection from scratching.
Get your head examined
If  you think you might have a problem, a knowledgeable hairdresser can  give you a first opinion. Many salons that stock Phyto, a specialist  hair care range, have specialised magnifying cameras (see  phyto-haircare.co.uk for your nearest one). Any diseases can be  identified and treatment suggested. 
Cleanse and moisturise
It’s  the skincare mantra most of us apply to a regular face regime – but  should also be used for our scalp. Firstly, take a look at what you’re  washing your hair in: most shampoos contain foaming sulphate-based  ingredients (commonly sodium lauryl sulphate, or SLS) which remove oil  from the hair – but also from the scalp, which can end up dry and  inflamed. 
Look  for shampoos free from SLS, such as Pureology (£11; pureology-uk.com)  or branch out and try one of the many new ‘Conditioning Cleansers’ in  the shops. As the brand Grow Gorgeous puts it, ‘smart girls don’t  strip’, a reference to the way its conditioner (£17.99 at Boots) will  get your hair and scalp clean without stripping out all the oil from it.  
Julien  Farel Anti-Ageing Haircare Hydrate Restore (£28, Selfridges.com) claims  to hydrate and nourish rather like a face moisturiser.
For  a more budget-conscious option try Palmer’s Olive Oil Formula Cleansing  Conditioner, which costs £5.99 for a big bottle at feelunique.com or  Macadamia Oil Flawless (£8.75, lookfantastic.com). 
Exfoliate, exfoliate...
Quality  name: Luxury brand Kerastase offers a range of hair 'Rituals':  treatments designed to nurture the hair and scalp, from £15
In  the same way that we exfoliate our faces to get rid of dead cells that  clutter up the surface and make skin look dull, it’s a great idea to  exfoliate your scalp. At home, try a product such as Alterna Caviar  Exfoliating Scalp Facial, £32 (01925 578000 for stockists) which you use  before your normal shampoo to decongest your scalp (it’s gentle, so  good even for sensitive-skinned scalps) or Philip Kingsley Exfoliating  Scalp Mask, £16, www.philipkingsley.co.uk).
Try a hydrating ritual
Intensive  hydrating treatments to cosset and soothe the scalp are increasingly  popular. Luxury brand Kerastase offers a range of hair ‘Rituals’:  treatments designed to nurture the hair and scalp, from £15  (kerastase.co.uk).  
At  the Aveda Institute in Covent Garden, the Botanical Hair and Scalp  Treatment (£60) combines massage with aromatherapy essential oils  (avedainstitute.co.uk). 
In  salons such as Michaeljohn, the popular celeb-hairdresser in London’s  West End (michaeljohn.co.uk), you can try a Nioxin Scalp Dermabrasion  service  (from £15). 
It  is designed to regenerate the scalp skin surface and reduce hair-loss.  The treatment removes excess oil that builds up around the hair  follicle, helping to restore the scalp to its optimum condition. 
Pick up a tonic
There  is an array of scalp tonics on chemist shelves now. Choose one backed  by clinical trials. Growth Factor Treatment Serum from  Nanogen (£29.95,  nanogen.co.uk) is popular with dermatologists and hair-transplant  surgeons. Another top-notch option is the new Tricho 7 Daily Scalp Drops  in Philip  Kingsley’s Trichotherapy® kit (from £50 for the drops, £95  for the whole kit, philipkingsley.co.uk) which  support hair health and  growth via the scalp.
Blitz the dandruff
Dandruff  is the fault of a tiny organism called malassezia globosa, which we all  have on our scalps and which feeds on sebum, the oil produced by our  hair follicles – though we’re not all sensitive to it. 
If  you are sensitive to malassezia, your scalp becomes irritated and sheds  skin faster than it should – seen as dandruff. A shampoo  containing  zinc pyrithione (ZPT), such as Head & Shoulders, will do the trick  nicely, which is why this is the top-selling shampoo around the world.  Phyto produces the ‘decongesting’ Phytopolleine – a bracing mix of  essential oils, £24.50, that will soon get clogged follicles  back to  normal. If that doesn’t work, see a specialist. GPs don’t have any  training in hair issues, surprisingly, but a trichologist could help you  (trichologists.org.uk) as can a dermatologist who specialises in the  scalp. 
Dr  David Fenton (drdavidfention.com) or Dr Jennifer Jones and Dr Vicky  Joliffe (of londonhairspecialists.com) can help with problematic scalp  issues.

 
 
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